Reinforced concrete



E. FREYSSINET.

REINFORCED CONCRETE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6171918.

1,389,942. PatentedSept. 6, 192 1.

j zyj. v $29.2.

,UNITED STATES 35mm OFFICE.

EUGENE. FnErssmET, or PARIS, FRANCE, IASSIGNOR r sooIETE DES NAVIR-ES EN CIMENT ARME, or PARIS, (sEIN FRANCE.

REINFORCED CONCRETE.

Patented Sept. 6, 1921.

1918. Serial No. 238,579.

r v (GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. L., 1313.)

. crete plates or partitions.

T0 all'whom it may concern Be it known that I, EUGENE FREYSSINET, a

. ent No. 485,811.

This invention relates to the construction of metal reinforcements for reinforced con- The reinforcement is applicable for plates or partitions of large dimensions and of shaped surface, the resistance and homogeneity of which, to gether with the speed of manufacture are superior to those of plates constructed in the ordinary manner.

These results are obtained by using as metal reinforcement continuous elements grouped in the form of sheets or layers, in which the reinforcing elements are parallel to each other and connected together by fine metal wirestwisted-together; this arrangement'is preferably completed by adding elements arranged perpendicularly to the surface, of the construction for the purpose of binding the concrete.

The sheets or layers, which are obviously flexible in the direction of the connect ng wires, may easily be curved in the direction of the reinforcing elements; they are placed in successive layers in such a manner that two consecutive layers have their elements at right angles to each other or at a certaln predetermined angle, the whole forming the skeleton of the plates or Cpartitions.

The elements perpen icular to the surface, which generally have the form of windings, are then inserted throughout the reinforcement in such a manner that their turns or loops enter the interspaces of the network formed by the sheets or layers of reinforcing elements; they prevent the increase of the thickness of the plates or bulging under the effect of compressive strains parallel to their surface, or bending, and impart to the concrete a high capacity for deforming before rupture.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention.

Figure 1 is a plan of one of the reinforcement sheets.

, Fig. 2 is a plan of the reinforcement formed by superimposing several sheets or layers.

Figs. 3 and dare cross sections of Figs. 1 and 2 respectively.

Fig. 5 is a cross section drawn to an enlarged scale of a finished plate or partition.

The sheets N N together form a trellis. The first sheet N consists of steel wires a, placed at short distances. apart and connected at suitable distances along their length by fine wires, such as b twisted together and forming strands, the elements of which encircle wires a where they come in contact with them. f The wires a which constitute the reinforcing parts of the skeleton are continuous from edge to edge of the plate. They may be easily bent and curved as each sheet is put in position as may be required for producing a proper profile.

The sheet N which is the lower in Fig. 2, has its wires 0 at right angles to the wires or, of sheet N and gene-rally the sheets are placed on each other so that the elements are at right angles to each other or at a certain other angle. The number of the sheets is a function of the gage of the wires and of the thickness of the piece to be constructed and in order that the external faces of the finished structure may be parallel to the metallic net-work, the first and the last sheets are furnished with keys, such as cl, placed here and there, and forming a point of support on the molding boardsc.

The keys, such as (Z, may be intercalated between two networks within the thickness of the same piece so as to economize the material placed in the middle of the slab, which material does not lend itself to bending. Finally, there are generally inserted wires, such as g, connecting together the wires of all the sheets of one slab for the purpose of insuring that they are parallel and preventing any displacement in the course of construction owing to their weight, vibrations or the like. When the several sheets of a reinforcement have been connected together there are introduced elements, such as f, for the purpose of producing a binding effect, imparting to the concrete the power of suffering considerable deformation without rupture.

It has been found that the several modes tic material, involves the benefit of the high large constructions. Moreover, they have a and made beforehand and meehanicallyfmanu- 'tained by known methods, because'they areconstituted by wires extending from one end .duction of internal action by adhesion; this of binding which have hitherto been used, tageous when the latter must necessarily be subjected toshook: 3,

It is to be noted that the foregoing 1nd1- cations are only byway of example, modido not lend themselves to rapid and economic use sufliciently to beindustriallypractical in very unequal action on the surfaces of the construction.

In; the present. instance the elements 7 are introduced between the wires a a of the sheets, their loops being supported upon the wires of the first sheet asshown in Figs. 4 The elements preferred according to this inventionare continuous helicesobtained by windingon a very flattened cylinder wires which may be curved into successive Us, presenting in the neighborhood of each face equal surfaces of action, regularly distributed,which retain'theconcrete and prevent increase of volume, thus providing a very uniform binding. l f

-All'the elements entering into the compositionof the plates or partitions may be particular requirement. The invention can be well adapted for the construction of beams and generally of any piece capable of being built up of reinforced concrete.

lVhat is claimed is lvfietallie'reinforcements for concrete consisting of sheets or layers each formed of wires conforming in shapeto' the surfaceof the finished structure and extending from end to end of the finished structure wherebythe tenacityof the metal itself 'of which the wires are formed; comes into play immediately upon any stress being imparted tosaidv wires, bonds connecting the said wires at suitable distances 'along their length sofas to imposed so that the wires of each sheet form an angle with those of contiguous sheets, connections between the superimposed sheets, curved metal wires arranged in a direction generallynormal to the surfaceflof the finished structure and presenting'equivalent elements ontwo lines equidistantlfroin the surfaces and parallel to their general direc factured in great lengths and by simpler, means. There is thus great economy of manual labor and the possibility of'employing unskilled labor. Moreover, errors of work are avoided and uniformity .of thiokness is insured so that the thickness may be sensibly reduced, From the point of view; of strength the plates thus formed are superior to those robinterspacesof the said wires extending from enert 'in the neighborhood of the internal and external surfaces an equal anduni'form resistance to" lateral expansion of p the :concretefor thejpurpose of increasing greatly it apacity turej r In witness whereof, I, have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two'subscribing witnesses. 1 f f EUGENEFREYSSINET.

.lVitne'ssesE. i

j CHAsQ P. P nssLY, GABRIE BELLIVARD.

to the other which may 'befirmly anchored at their ends,.whence there isconsequent repeculiarity has again the efi'eotof enabling steel ofver'y high strength to be used with benefit. I It is to benoted that this use, in combination with that of concretewhich is more adapted for deformation than those generally used, orof any other suitable plas elasticity of-special steels showing very high coefiicients; this gives a great suppleness to the construction and'is particularly advantion, thesaid elements being inserted in the iications of'detail being possible to suit the r form a trellis,the said sheets being superend to end of the structure and adapted; to V for deformation:without m 

